12-26 23:18:37 浏览次数:512次 栏目:高一英语
动名词是动词非谓语形式的一种,由动词加ing构成。动名词既有动词特征,也有名词特征。
动名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如:
⑴ Smoking does great harm to people’s health.
(作主语)
⑵ My job is looking after children.
(作表语)
⑶ I have finished reading the novel.
(作宾语)
⑷ We have got a swimming pool in our school.
(做定语)
动名词的否定形式由not +动名词构成。例如:
He made me angry by not taking the medicine.
动名词的复合结构由名词所有格或物主代词加上动名词构成。例如:
Would you mind my opening the door?
动名词的一般式,表示的动作可以与谓语动词同时发生或在前,或在后。
例如:
We all enjoy listening to music.(同时发生)
Do you remember meeting me there?(在谓语动词前发生)
动名词的完成式表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。例如:
I regret not having been taken to the Great Wall when I was a child.
She attended the party without being invited.
第二节 实战演练
一、复习时需注意的要点
动词不定式一般式表示的动作可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生,也可能在其之后发生。
例如:I saw the young man enter the house.(同时发生)
I hope to go there next time.(之后发生)
2.不定式完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。
例如:I’m sorry to have broken your glasses.
3.不定式进行式表示不定式的动作,与谓语动词同时发生。
例如:When he came in, I happened to be reading at the table.
4.不定式的被动式有两种形式:to be done表示将要被做,to have been done表示已被做。
例如:The new cinema to be put up next year will be very large.
The cinema is said to have been built last year.
5. 在表示情绪的动词,如like, love, hate, prefer等后,用动名词作宾语表示一般倾向,用不定式表示特定某事。但在would/should like/love/prefer后要用不定式
例如:I hate eating the same food every day.
Would you like to watch TV in the evening?
6. 在动词need, want, require后用动名词表示被动含义,相当于动词不定式的被动式;而用动词不定式的主动式表示主动含义。
例如:The house needs cleaning. = The house needs to be cleaned.
He needs to clean the house first.
7. 在介词后一般用动名词作宾语,但在少数介词,如but, except后用动词不定式作宾语,但要注意“to”的省略,如but前有“do”则省去“to”。
例如:I have done nothing but help him with his luggage.
I have no choice but to wait for him at the bus stop.
8. 分词的完成式一般不用来作定语,因此,要表示完成主动的意思常用定语从句。
例如:The accident which happened yesterday was very serious.
9. 如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子不是相同的,则要用从句或分词独立主格结构来表示。
例如:Weather permitting, we will go to the Center Park.
10. 分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语相一致。若它们之间的关系是主谓关系,用现在分词,而动宾关系则用过去分词。如果分词的动作先于谓语,分词要用完成时。
例如:Having finished his composition, he went home.
While looking through the paper, he found some errors.
,高一英语语法大全——非谓语动词