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初中英语辅导:英语从句总复习

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  1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。)
  大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
  2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。)
  对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
  3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。)
  我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
  4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。)
  鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。
  (2)从属连词if/whether.如:
  I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。
  I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。
  (3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever
  连接副词 where,when,how,why.
  如:
  Who or what he was,Martin never learned.
  他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。
  I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。
  I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
  You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。
  (1)介词宾语从句
  宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如:
  He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.
  他对那天发生的事感到很不快。
  I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。
  I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要说什么。
  Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
  你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
  有时介词可以省略。如:
  I don’t care (for)who marries him.我不管谁跟他结婚。
  Be careful (as to)how you do that.你要注意做这件事的方式。
  解释:
  1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:
  We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
  我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。
  He has made it clear that he will not give in.
  他已表明他不会屈服。
  2.作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but,in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。如:
  He is a good student except that he is careless.
  他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心。
  You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我会帮助你的。
  介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。如:
  Are you sorry for what you’ve done?
  你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗?
  3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等,连词that可省略。如:
  I am not sure what I ought to do.
  我不能确定我该做什么。
  I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.
  恐怕你没领会我说的意思。
  I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.
  我好奇怪,我以前没看到过。
  Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
  妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。
  4.连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句
  if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和or not连用,if一般不与or not连用。如:
  I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。
  用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用if而用wheter.试比较:
  Please let me know if you want to go.
  Please let me know whether you want to go.
  if从句可理解为宾语从句,意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声”。
  5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:
  I don’t think you are right.我认为你错了。
  I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
  I don’t suppose he cares,does he? 我想他不在意,是吗?
  6.宾语从句的时态变化规律:
  (1)当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态。
  (2)当主句是一般过去时态时,从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如:
  The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
  老师说地球绕着太阳运行。
  4)同位语从句
  1.定义:用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
  2.用法:同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等,关联词多用从属连词that.如:
  They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
  对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。
  Where did you get the idea that I could not come?
  你在哪儿听说我不能来?
  Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.
  德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。

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