英语阅读理解大解密:经典习题练习检验

　　4．
　　The poorer mental function seen among alcoholics, many of whom also regularly smoke cigarettes, may be partially due to the long-term effects of nicotine, new research suggests.
　　“People who are also smokers are at a much
higher risk,” Dr. Jennifer M. Glass, of the University
of Michigan’s Addiction Research Center, said. In her
study, “cigarette smoking was negatively related to IQ
and thinking,” she said. This finding may seem
counterintuitive, since many smokers attest (证明) to
feeling more alert and focused after smoking. Indeed,
research shows that improved mental functioning is one
of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure. Chronic
smoking, however, is known to have the opposite effect.
　　Studies show that up to 87 percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes. Yet, few studies have looked into cigarette smoking as a factor that might explain the cognitive deficits reported among alcoholics.
　　To investigate that association, Glass and her colleagues examined brain function among 172 men from the same community, including 103 men who abused alcohol.
The team found that men with higher scores on the lifetime alcohol problems scale (LAPS) and those who reported a higher number of pack-years of smoking both had lower IQ scores.
　　Upon further investigation, the researchers found that smoking also appeared to be independently associated with weaker verbal (语言表达能力) and visual-spatial reasoning (形象化和空间推理能力). Thus, though smoking did not account for all of the decreased neurocognitive functioning observed among the alcohol abusers, it did seem to account for some of the effects, the report indicates.

　　12. Some people don’t think that cigarette smoking will reduce their IQ and thinking ability because          
　　A. they lack common knowledge.
　　B. this finding doesn’t agree with their feelings.
　　C. they like smoking too much.
　　D. some researchers have opposite ideas.

　　13. What’s the purpose of the study that was carried out by Glass and her colleagues?
　　A. To study if cigarette smoking can cause the cognitive deficits among alcoholics.
　　B. To show that smoking and drinking has much connection with IQ and thinking ability.
　　C. To show that smoking and drinking has little connection with IQ and thinking ability.
　　D. To prove that smoking has no connection with drinking.

　　14. Which of the following is true?
　　A. Smoking can make mental functioning better for a long time.
　　B. Glass and her colleagues studied 275 persons in all to investigate the connection.
　　C. Half percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes.
　　D. Smoking can also influence a person’s weaker verbal and visual-spatial reasoning.

　　15. The passage mainly tells us that             .
　　A. smoking and drinking can lessen IQ and thinking ability.
　　B. how smoking and drinking influence IQ and thinking ability.
　　C. people should give up smoking and drinking immediately.
　　D. why some people have weaker verbal and visual-spatial reasoning.

　　5．
　　Thousands of years ago people guessed the time of day by watching the sun. Later，they found it was easier to tell the exact time by looking at the shadows. Thus，the sundial(日晷) was invented.
　　The sundial proved a useful timepiece in sunny weather. However，another type of  timepiece was necessary for cloudy weather and night time. A sand glass was another common measurer of time. Two glass bottles were connected by a very small opening. The top bottle was filled with sand，which dropped slowly into the bottom one in a  certain period of time. Hourglasses were widely used then. Three—minute sand glasses are still used in many homes to time the boiling of eggs.
　　The real ancestor of modern clocks was the water clock. In China, an early water clock was made up of several bowls. Water trickled (滴) from one bowl to another to keep the clock going. Visitors to the Beijing Palace Museum can still see the old water clocks showing the time there.
　　In the Middle Ages a waterless clock was invented which worked by means of weights. To keep the weight falling at the same speed，a system of wheels was invented. The pendulum(钟摆) was soon developed to control the speed of the wheels. Thus the modern form of clock came into being.

　　16. From the passage we can know that              .
　　A. The sundial was invented according to the theory that shadows will change regularly at different time.

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