高二英语上册第一单元检测题及答案详解

　　60. Dr Alexander Fleming      .

　　A. had been studying a mould which was very dangerous and could kill people

　　B. had been studying some of the germs on a plate which could cure illnesses

　　C. had been making experiments on some germs that he was growing on a plate

　　D. had been making experiments on different germs that could help sick people to get better

　　61. Some of the germs on the plate      .

　　A. had been killed by a mould floating in through the window

　　B. had been killing one another, which was a surprise to Fleming

　　C. had been killed by a mould that had been grown by Dr Alexander Fleming

　　D. had been killed by a mould found by another doctor

　　62. The reason why the twenty-five mice died was that      .

　　A. they had been given deadly germs and had been injected with penicillin

　　B. they were almost dead ahead of the experiment

　　C. they were easy to die in the experiment

　　D. they had been given deadly germs and had not been injected with penicillin

　　63. In 1938, an Australian working in London named Howard Florey read Dr Fleming’s report and      .

　　A. left England for America, making the drug

　　B. went to America to save the lives of thousands of soldiers, sailors and airmen

　　C. found penicillin effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings

　　D. went to America to make this drug for mice

　　64. The word “enormous” means      .

　　A. 剩余的         B. 恰当的

　　C. 少许的          D. 巨大的

　　C

　　Einstein, a great scientist of the age, was almost as strange as his Theory of Relativity.

　　Once, while riding a street car in Berlin, he told the conductor that he had not given him the right change. The conductor counted the change again and found it to be correct, so he handed it to Einstein, saying, “The trouble with you is that you don’t know your figures.”

　　Einstein said that there were only twelve people living who understood his Theory of Relativity although a good many books had been written to explain it.

　　He had nothing but contempt（藐视）for the things most people set their hearts on—for fame and riches（财富）and luxury（奢华）.

　　He didn’t want money or praise. He made his own happiness out of such simple things as his work and playing the violin and sailing his boat. Einstein’s violin brought him more joy than anything else in life. He said that he often thought in music.

　　65. The conductor thought Einstein      .

　　A. wasn’t good at maths

　　B. had good memory

　　C. was either mad or strange

　　D. liked to make trouble

　　66. Einstein meant that many people      .

　　A. knew his Theory of Relativity well because they could explain it

　　B. had written to have grasped his theory correctly

　　C. pretended to have grasped his abstract theory

　　D. admired him very much

　　67. The underlined part “set…hearts on” means     .

　　A. believe         B. have

　　C. love           D. hate

　　D

　　Louis Pasteur, the famous French chemist and bacteriologist, invented “pasteurization”. In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille, and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh. At that time, it was believed that food and drinks go “bad” due to a purely chemical process (变化过程). But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms (微生物) caused food and drinks to go bad. In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts (酵母) that caused the fermentation (发酵) process. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air, and that they too would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.

　　The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous. It was named “pasteurization” in his honour, and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows’ milk. The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea (婴儿腹泻) and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. This simple process has saved thousands, possibly millions, of lives worldwide.

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