课题：12论美

2、  四人小组交流，各自交流自己理解的美，比较一下，谁的理解最好。

3、  对于作者的一些见解你是否赞成？你是否还有其他的看法？

三、             巩固·延伸

比较阅读

论美
◎伏尔泰[法国]

如果问一只雄癞蛤蟆美是什么，绝对的美是什么？它就会回答说是它的雌癞蛤蟆，因为她的小小的头上有两只凸出的又大又圆的眼睛，有一只又大又平的鼻子，并有黄色的肚皮和褐色的后背。如果问一个来自几内亚的黑人美是什么？他便会说，美就是黑得油亮的皮肤，深陷的眼睛和一个扁平的鼻子。
    如果问魔鬼，他会告诉你美就是一对角，4只爪子和一条尾巴。最后，如果去向哲学家们请教，他们的回答将是夸大了的胡言乱语，他们认为美就是某物符合美的原型并在本质上与其是一致的。
    我曾经和一个哲学家一起去看一出悲剧。“多么美好！”他说道。“你在这里面发现了什么美好的东西？”我问他。“是因为作者已达到了他的目的。”他说。第二天他吃了一些对他身体有好处的药。它达到了它的目的”，我告诉他说，“多么美好的药！”他意识到不能说药是美好的，并意识到在你把美这个词运用到任何事物以前，它一定在你身上引起了敬佩和愉悦的感情。他同意说那悲剧在他身上引起了这两种感情，并说这就是美。
     我们一起去了英国：同样那出戏也在那里上演，翻译得一字不差；可它使得所有的观众都打起了哈欠。“呵，呵！”他说，“美的理念对英国人来说和对法国人来说不一样。”良久思索以后，他得出结论：美是很相对的，就如同在日本是正派的事到了罗马就不正派，在巴黎最时髦的东西到了北京就未必是，于是他使自己省却了写一篇有关美的长篇论文的麻烦。

思考：

1、本文作者的观点是什么？你同意作者的观点吗？

2、与课文相比，你觉得两篇文章的观点有相通之处吗？

四、             相关链接

（一）《论美》原文

Of Beauty 

VIRTUE is like a rich stone, best plain set; and surely virtue is best, in a body that is comely, though not of delicate features; and that hath rather dignity of presence, than beauty of aspect. Neither is it almost seen, that very beautiful persons are otherwise of great virtue; as if nature were rather busy, not to err, than in labor to produce excellency.
　　And therefore they prove accomplished, but not of great spirit; and study rather behavior, than virtue. But this holds not always: for Augustus Caesar, Titus Vespasianus, Philip le Belle of France, Edward the Fourth of England, Alcibiades of Athens, Ismael the Sophy of Persia, were all high and great spirits; and yet the most beautiful men of their times.
　　In beauty, that of favor, is more than that of color; and that of decent and gracious motion, more than that of favor. That is the best part of beauty, which a picture cannot express; no, nor the first sight of the life.
　　There is no excellent beauty, that hath not some strangeness in the proportion.
　　A man cannot tell whether Apelles, or Albert Durer, were the more trifler; whereof the one, would make a personage by geometrical proportions; the other, by taking the best parts out of divers faces, to make one excellent. Such personages, I think, would please nobody, but the painter that made them. Not but I think a painter may make a better face than ever was; but he must do it by a kind of felicity (as a musician that maketh an excellent air in music), and not by rule.

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