高二英语下知识点总复习教案

　　【注】dip可作动词用，意为"浸""泡""把(手)伸入"。如：① Mary dipped her hand into the clear pool. 玛丽把手伸到清澈的池水里。② Ask the children to guess what's in each container by dipping their hands in. 叫孩子把手伸进容器里，猜猜每个容器里是什么东西。③ She dipped a hand into the jar of sweets and pulled one out. 她把一只手伸进了糖果罐里，掏出了一块糖果。

　　【注】dip有"下沉""下降"之意。如：① Unemployment dipped to 6.9 percent last month. 上个月的失业率下降到百分之六点九。② The boat dipped slightly under his weight. 船在他的重量下稍有下沉。③ The moon dipped behind the trees. 月亮落到树后去了。

　　【注】dip into可引申为"浏览""翻阅"之意。如：① Some books are intended to be read at length，others to be dipped into. 有些书是供细读的，有些则供浏览。② I have only been able to dip into your book as yet. 目前我只能把你的书浏览一遍。

　　★ work out，此处不是"解出(题目)"之意，而是表示"进行锻炼""训练"。如：① The football team of our school ale working out on the playground every day. 我们学校的足球队员每天都在操场上训练。

　　【注】work out有"(按某种方式)发展""有预期的结果""有益处"之意。② That plan seems to most probably work out satisfactorily. 那个计划似乎很可能获得令人满意的预期结果。③ Things just didn't work out as planned. 事情没按我们的计划发展。④ I'm glad that things are working out so well for them in Australia. 我很高兴他们在澳大利亚过得很不错。⑤ I'm sure things will work out for the best in the end. 我相信事情最后将朝最好的方向发展。

　　11. Fortunately, there are things you can do to avoid some of the most common problems. 幸运的是，你可以采取一些措施以避免某些常见的问题。(p.38 Getting there... 第2行)

　　动词avoid的基本用法

　　★avoid意为"避免""避开""躲避"，后接名词，代词或动名词。如：① It is hard to avoid mistakes. 犯错误是难免的。② I realized they were trying to avoid the topic.我明白了他们是在故意避开这个话题。③ We must try to avoid repeating these errors. 我们要避免重犯这些错误。④ It was impossible to avoid being much affected. 要想不受太大影响是不可能的。⑤ We all avoided mentioning that matter. 我们都避免提到那件事。

　　【注】avoid可用作被动语态。如：① Misuse and waste must be avoided. 使用不当和浪费都要避免。② This difficulty can be avoided in several ways. 有几种方法可以避免这个困难。

　　【注】avoid是终止性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，但是avoid若与有否定意义的词搭配时，则可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：③ Their silence Was so cold that she was unable to avoid their eyes for long. 他们的沉默是那样的令人不寒而栗，以致她无法长时间避开他们的目光。

　　12. Travel agents can help you to find out about package trips that include hotel costs,... 旅行社会帮助你了解包括宾馆开支...的选择。(p.39 Tours, Tickets and Visas 第2行)

　　include, including和included

　　★include是动词，意为"包含""包括"。如：① The price includes both house and furniture. 房价包括了房子和家具。② The Chinese nation includes more than 50 national minorities besides the Hans. 中华民族除了汉族外，还包括50多个少数民族。③ Our tour party included several retired couples. 我们的旅游团里有几对退休老夫妇。④ We no longer include him among our friends. 我们不再把他看作我们的朋友。⑤ Your duties will include putting the children to bed. 你的工作职责将包括安顿孩子上床睡觉。⑥ Everyone here took part in the fight against flood, including old people. 这里所有的人，包括老人，都参加了防洪战斗。⑦ There aye eight members including the President of the USA and the British Prime Minister. 有八位成员包括美国总统和英国首相。

　　【注】included是形容词，通常作后置定语或表语。如：① Everyone had something to say, me included. 所有的人，包括我在内，都有些话要说。② All of us, myself included, aye baseball fans. 我们大家，包括我自己，都是棒球迷。③ Food is included in the price. 食物包括在价格中。

　　13. Experienced travelers may prefer to make their own arrangements, ... 有经验的旅行者可能宁愿自己安排...(p.39 Tours, Tickets and Visas 第3 - 4行)

　　★ prefer用法小结▲要掌握prefer的用法，主要抓住两点，一是prefer单独使用时后面跟什么，二是prefer与to或rather than连用时后面各跟什么：不定式，不定式作宾语补足语或从句。如：① He likes geography, but he prefers history.他喜欢地理，但他更喜欢历史。(名词) ② What do you prefer, rice or bread? 你喜欢米饭还是面包?(代词) ③ You may vote for any other person you prefer. 你更愿意投其他人的票也可以。(代词) ④ At the moment they preferred not to talk about this question. 在这个时刻，他们宁愿不谈这个问题。(不定式) ⑤ He preferred speaking without referring to his notes. 他喜欢不看讲演稿做报告。(动名词) ⑥ I should have preferred him to do it in a different way. 我倒愿意他用另一种办法做。(不定式作宾补) ⑦ The Committee would prefer the matter t0 be discussed at the next meeting. 委员们希望这个问题下次会议再讨论。(同上) ⑧She preferred that we should hold the discussion right after the lecture. 她更愿意我们一听完讲座就进行讨论。(从句)

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