高二英语下知识点总复习教案

　　2) since (1) prep. 自从......以来，后来 He has eaten nothing since yesterday. 自从昨天以来，他没吃过东西。I have known her since 2001. 我从2001年起就认识她。(2) conj. (引导时间状语从句) 自从......以来A lot of new things have happened since he left. 他走了以后，已经发生了许多新情况。We have been friends since we left school. 我们从毕业后一直是朋友。(3) conj. (引导原因状语从句) 既然，因为，由于Since you are going, I'll go too. 既然你要去，我也要去。Since you can't answer the question. I'll ask someone else. 既然你回答不了这个问题，我再去问别人。(4) adv. 自从......以来 I have always been on my guard since then. 从那时起，我就一直提防着。

　　注意：正确理解过去时态的since从句。

　　since时间从句中，不论用短暂动词、延续动词还是状态动词的一般过去时，通常都表示从动作或状态的完成或结束时算起，因此这种since从句应理解为"自从该动作结束以来"。如：Great changes have taken place here since he left. 自从他离开以来，这里发生了巨大的变化。

　　提示：(1) 从句中使用延续性动词时，常容易误解。(2) 如果要表示从句中的动作或状态延续至今，该动词须用现在完成时，有时也可以用一般过去时，但这时需要在since前加ever，强调与现在的联系。如：I haven't heard from him since he lived (was) in Beijing. 自从他离开北京，我没有收到过他的来信。How long is it since you smoked? 你戒烟多久了(或你多长时间没抽烟了)?I have known her since I have lived here (或ever since I lived here / since I lived here). 从我住到这儿以来，我就认识她。

　　拓展：ever since从那时起一直到现在; long since 很久以前，早已; since then 从那时以后，从此以后

　　Section III 词汇语法、综合技能

　　21. Instead of children's play and adventure,... 我没有孩子们的那些嬉戏和冒险,... (P. 15 第一段第1行)

　　instead of prep. 取代，而不 He'll go to Italy instead of France. 他要去意大利而不是去法国。 You should be out playing instead of working indoors all day. 你应该到户外去活动活动，而不要整天呆在屋子里工作。

　　辨析：instead，instead of，in place of，take the place of，for，"代替"

　　(1) instead 单独位于句首或句尾，是副词；(2) instead of 用在名词、代词、动名词、不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语前；(3) in place of 书面语 (=instead of) ("代替某人"还可用in sb.'s place)；(4) take the place of 作谓语，用在名词、代词前；(5) for 口语用在名词、代词前，是介词。He went there to earn money instead of to spend money. 他到那儿去是为了赚钱而不是花钱的。Things are better instead of worse. 现在形势是更好了，而不是更坏了。You should be out instead of in. 你应当出去走走，不要老呆在家里。I'll go there by bicycle instead of by ship. 我将骑自行车去那儿，而不是坐轮船。We use gas in place of coal in cooking. 我们用煤气代替煤来做饭。Our monitor is away. I'm acting in place of him (in his place). 班长不在，我代替他的职务。Tractors have taken the place of horses in many places. 在许多地方拖拉机取代了马。Please post this letter for me. 请替我寄了这封信。

　　22. I read all the books I could find that threw light upon these matters. 我读了我能找到的并能说明这些情况的书籍。(P.15第二段第1行) matter:

　　(1) n. [U] 物质，物体(非思想或精神) What kinds of matter is the earth made up of? 地球是由什么物质组成的?

　　(2) n. [C] 事情，问题 I don't talk to my employer about private matters. 我不跟我的雇主谈私事。That will make matters worse. 那会使事情变得更糟。

　　(3) n. 困难，麻烦，毛病 What's the matter? Why are you crying? 怎么回事? 你为什么哭? There's nothing the matter with me. 我没什么。

　　(4) v. 有重要性It doesn't matter if I miss my train, because there's another later. 我如果没赶上火车也没什么关系，因为晚些时候还有一班。I don't think anybody matters to her apart from herself. 我认为她一心只顾自己，从不考虑别人。

　　拓展：as a matter of fact 事实上；其实 / in the matter of 关于/ to make matters worse 更糟的是/ for that matter 就此而言，而且/ no matter how (when，what，where，who，whether...) 不管怎样，(何时，什么，哪里，谁，是否......)

　　准确记忆：a matter事情，问题 matters事态，情况the matter = wrong

　　23. However, I found all that was taught at university very disappointing and ...然而我发现大学所教的课程都很令人失望... (P.15第二段第3行) disappoint:

　　(1) vt. 使失望，扫兴 I'm sorry to disappoint you, but I can't come after all. 让你失望，真抱歉，可是我实在不能来。The movie disappointed me. 这部电影使我失望。

　　(2) vt. 破坏(计划)，使(希望)落空 I'm sorry to disappoint your hopes. 害得你的希望落空，真抱歉。The experiment disappointed their hopes. 那一次实验使他们的希望落空了。

　　辨析：disappointing与disappointed

　　disappointing adj. 令人失望的，灰心的，扫兴的

　　disappointed adj. (指人)失望的，扫兴的

　　What disappointing news it is! 多扫兴的消息。Your examination marks are rather disappointing. 你的成绩真叫人失望。Since he lost the election he is a disappointed man. 他落选之后，一直很失意。Are you very disappointed about／at losing the race? 你跑输了是不是很灰心?

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